import Foundation

/// Monotone cubic (Fritsch–Carlson) tone curve. Monotonic control points
/// guarantee monotonic output — no spline overshoot, safe for grading.
public struct Curve: Equatable, Sendable, Codable {
    public struct Point: Equatable, Sendable, Codable {
        public var x: Float
        public var y: Float
        public init(x: Float, y: Float) {
            self.x = x
            self.y = y
        }
    }

    public private(set) var points: [Point]
    /// Fritsch–Carlson tangents, one per point.
    private var tangents: [Float]

    public init(points: [Point]) {
        precondition(points.count >= 2, "curve needs >= 2 points")
        let sorted = points.sorted { $0.x < $1.x }
        self.points = sorted
        self.tangents = Self.computeTangents(sorted)
    }

    public static let identity = Curve(points: [.init(x: 0, y: 0), .init(x: 1, y: 1)])

    public var isIdentity: Bool { self == .identity }

    private static func computeTangents(_ pts: [Point]) -> [Float] {
        let n = pts.count
        // Secant slopes.
        var delta = [Float](repeating: 0, count: n - 1)
        for i in 0..<(n - 1) {
            let dx = pts[i + 1].x - pts[i].x
            delta[i] = dx == 0 ? 0 : (pts[i + 1].y - pts[i].y) / dx
        }
        var m = [Float](repeating: 0, count: n)
        m[0] = delta[0]
        m[n - 1] = delta[n - 2]
        for i in 1..<(n - 1) {
            // Zero tangent at local extrema / flats prevents overshoot.
            m[i] = (delta[i - 1] * delta[i] <= 0) ? 0 : (delta[i - 1] + delta[i]) / 2
        }
        // Fritsch–Carlson limiter.
        for i in 0..<(n - 1) {
            if delta[i] == 0 {
                m[i] = 0
                m[i + 1] = 0
                continue
            }
            let a = m[i] / delta[i]
            let b = m[i + 1] / delta[i]
            let s = a * a + b * b
            if s > 9 {
                let tau = 3 / sqrt(s)
                m[i] = tau * a * delta[i]
                m[i + 1] = tau * b * delta[i]
            }
        }
        return m
    }

    public func evaluate(_ x: Float) -> Float {
        // Endpoint pinning.
        if x <= points[0].x { return points[0].y }
        if x >= points[points.count - 1].x { return points[points.count - 1].y }
        // Find segment (linear scan; point counts are tiny).
        var i = 0
        while i < points.count - 2 && x > points[i + 1].x { i += 1 }
        let p0 = points[i], p1 = points[i + 1]
        let h = p1.x - p0.x
        if h == 0 { return p0.y }
        let t = (x - p0.x) / h
        let t2 = t * t
        let t3 = t2 * t
        // Cubic Hermite basis.
        let h00 = 2 * t3 - 3 * t2 + 1
        let h10 = t3 - 2 * t2 + t
        let h01 = -2 * t3 + 3 * t2
        let h11 = t3 - t2
        return h00 * p0.y + h10 * h * tangents[i] + h01 * p1.y + h11 * h * tangents[i + 1]
    }

    // Codable: encode points only, rebuild tangents on decode.
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case points }

    public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        let pts = try c.decode([Point].self, forKey: .points)
        self.init(points: pts)
    }

    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var c = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        try c.encode(points, forKey: .points)
    }

    public static func == (l: Curve, r: Curve) -> Bool { l.points == r.points }
}

/// Master + per-channel curves. Master first, then channel curve.
public struct CurveSet: Equatable, Sendable, Codable {
    public var master: Curve
    public var red: Curve
    public var green: Curve
    public var blue: Curve

    public init(master: Curve = .identity, red: Curve = .identity, green: Curve = .identity, blue: Curve = .identity) {
        self.master = master
        self.red = red
        self.green = green
        self.blue = blue
    }

    public static let identity = CurveSet()

    public var isIdentity: Bool { self == .identity }

    public func apply(_ rgb: SIMD3<Float>) -> SIMD3<Float> {
        let m = SIMD3(master.evaluate(rgb.x), master.evaluate(rgb.y), master.evaluate(rgb.z))
        return SIMD3(red.evaluate(m.x), green.evaluate(m.y), blue.evaluate(m.z))
    }
}