package webrtc

import (
	"sync"

	"github.com/pion/rtp"
)

// keyFrameCache retains the most recent H.264 keyframe burst so that
// new WHEP subscribers can receive it immediately on Subscribe(),
// cutting first-frame latency from up to one IDR interval (typically
// 2 s at a 0.5 Hz keyframe rate) to nearly zero.
//
// A "burst" spans all RTP packets from the first fragment of an IDR NAL
// until (but not including) the next IDR NAL. The cache is bounded by
// maxPackets and maxBytes to cap per-stream memory usage.
//
// Thread safety: all public methods are safe for concurrent use.
// push() is intended to be called only from the single-goroutine
// readLoop — the lock it holds is small and brief.
type keyFrameCache struct {
	mu         sync.Mutex
	packets    []*rtp.Packet
	byteLen    int
	maxPackets int
	maxBytes   int
}

// newKeyFrameCache returns a cache bounded to 512 packets / 2 MiB.
// At typical H.264 streaming bitrates (1–4 Mbps), an IDR frame plus a
// handful of subsequent P-frames fits comfortably within these limits.
func newKeyFrameCache() *keyFrameCache {
	return &keyFrameCache{
		packets:    make([]*rtp.Packet, 0, 64),
		maxPackets: 512,
		maxBytes:   2 << 20, // 2 MiB
	}
}

// isH264IDRStart returns true if pkt begins an H.264 IDR (keyframe)
// NAL. It recognises three RFC 6184 packetisation modes:
//
//   - Single NAL unit (type 5): the entire payload is one IDR slice.
//   - FU-A fragment (type 28): the FU header byte has the start bit set
//     (0x80) and the inner NAL type is 5.
//   - STAP-A aggregate (type 24): the first NAL in the aggregate is an
//     IDR slice. STAP-A format: byte 0 = NAL header (type 24), bytes
//     1–2 = first NAL size (big-endian uint16), byte 3 = first NAL
//     header. Minimum valid payload: 4 bytes.
func isH264IDRStart(pkt *rtp.Packet) bool {
	p := pkt.Payload
	if len(p) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	nalType := p[0] & 0x1F
	switch nalType {
	case 5: // Single NAL unit, IDR slice
		return true
	case 24: // STAP-A — bytes 1–2 are the first NAL's size; byte 3 is its header
		return len(p) >= 4 && p[3]&0x1F == 5
	case 28: // FU-A — byte 1 is the FU header: bit 7 = start, bits 4–0 = inner type
		return len(p) >= 2 && p[1]&0x80 != 0 && p[1]&0x1F == 5
	}
	return false
}

// push appends pkt to the cache. If pkt is the start of an H.264 IDR
// NAL the existing burst is cleared first so the cache always holds
// exactly one complete keyframe burst. Packets beyond the capacity
// limits are silently dropped.
//
// push is called exclusively from readLoop (a single goroutine); the
// isH264IDRStart check outside the lock is therefore safe.
func (c *keyFrameCache) push(pkt *rtp.Packet) {
	isIDR := isH264IDRStart(pkt)
	payloadLen := len(pkt.Payload)
	c.mu.Lock()
	if isIDR {
		c.packets = c.packets[:0]
		c.byteLen = 0
	}
	if len(c.packets) < c.maxPackets && c.byteLen+payloadLen <= c.maxBytes {
		c.packets = append(c.packets, pkt)
		c.byteLen += payloadLen
	}
	c.mu.Unlock()
}

// snapshot returns a shallow copy of the current burst. The returned
// slice is safe to iterate without holding any lock; the *rtp.Packet
// values are never mutated after being placed in the cache.
// Returns nil when the cache is empty.
func (c *keyFrameCache) snapshot() []*rtp.Packet {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if len(c.packets) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	snap := make([]*rtp.Packet, len(c.packets))
	copy(snap, c.packets)
	return snap
}