dragonmoonlight/app/vpn/tunnelmanager_mac.mm

// tunnelmanager_mac.mm — macOS implementation of TunnelManager.
//
// Architecture
// ────────────
//   • TUN device : utun (com.apple.net.utun_control) — no root needed to open.
//   • WireGuard  : boringtun (Rust static lib via boringtun_ffi.h).
//   • Routing    : ifconfig + route commands via osascript "with administrator
//                  privileges" — macOS shows a one-time auth dialog.
//   • Threading  : tunToUdp thread, udpToTun thread, ticker thread.
//                  A self-pipe is used to unblock select() on shutdown.
//
// Privilege model
// ───────────────
//   Opening the utun fd: no root.
//   ifconfig (set IP + MTU): needs admin → osascript dialog.
//   route add: needs admin → same osascript dialog (batched into one call).
//   Subsequent reconnects reuse the saved original-gateway so the dialog
//   should only appear once per session.
//
// Packet framing on macOS utun
// ─────────────────────────────
//   Every packet on the utun fd is prefixed by a 4-byte address-family word
//   in host byte order (AF_INET = 2, AF_INET6 = 30 on macOS).  We strip this
//   prefix before handing packets to boringtun, and prepend it before writing
//   decrypted packets back to the TUN device.

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/kern_control.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/sys_domain.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <net/if_utun.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cerrno>

#include <QDebug>
#include <QHostInfo>
#include <QTimer>

#include "tunnelmanager.h"
#include "wireguardconfig.h"
#include "boringtun_ffi.h"

// ─── Constants ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

static constexpr size_t   kMTU     = 1420;
static constexpr size_t   kBufSize = kMTU + 64;  // MTU + WireGuard overhead
static constexpr uint32_t kAF_INET_HOST  = AF_INET;   // 2  on macOS (host order)
static constexpr uint32_t kAF_INET6_HOST = AF_INET6;  // 30 on macOS

// ─── MacTunnelPriv ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

struct MacTunnelPriv {
    wireguard_tunnel   *wg        = nullptr;
    int                 tunFd     = -1;    ///< utun file descriptor
    int                 udpFd     = -1;    ///< UDP socket connected to WG server
    char                tunName[IFNAMSIZ] = {};

    // Self-pipe for signalling threads to stop (write end closed on stop()).
    int                 wakePipeR = -1;
    int                 wakePipeW = -1;

    std::atomic<bool>   running   {false};
    std::thread         thdTunToUdp;
    std::thread         thdUdpToTun;
    std::thread         thdTicker;

    // Saved for route cleanup
    WireGuardConfig     cfg;
    std::string         savedGateway; ///< Original default gateway IP string
};

// ─── Admin helper ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Run a shell command with administrator privileges via osascript.
/// macOS shows a standard auth dialog if the user is not already elevated.
static bool runAsAdmin(const std::string &shellCmd, QString &errOut)
{
    // Escape double-quotes and backslashes for the AppleScript string literal.
    std::string escaped;
    escaped.reserve(shellCmd.size());
    for (char ch : shellCmd) {
        if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\') escaped += '\\';
        escaped += ch;
    }

    NSString *script = [NSString stringWithFormat:
        @"do shell script \"%s\" with administrator privileges",
        escaped.c_str()];

    NSTask   *task    = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    NSPipe   *errPipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    task.launchPath       = @"/usr/bin/osascript";
    task.arguments        = @[@"-e", script];
    task.standardError    = errPipe;
    task.standardOutput   = [NSPipe pipe];

    @try {
        [task launch];
        [task waitUntilExit];
    } @catch (NSException *e) {
        errOut = QString::fromNSString(e.reason);
        return false;
    }

    if (task.terminationStatus != 0) {
        NSData *data = [[errPipe fileHandleForReading] readDataToEndOfFile];
        errOut = QString::fromUtf8(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.bytes),
                                   static_cast<int>(data.length));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/// Run a shell command as the current user (no privilege elevation).
/// Returns the stdout as a trimmed string, or "" on failure.
static std::string runAsUser(const std::string &shellCmd)
{
    FILE *f = popen(shellCmd.c_str(), "r");
    if (!f) return {};
    char buf[512] = {};
    std::string out;
    while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) out += buf;
    pclose(f);
    // Trim trailing whitespace
    while (!out.empty() && (out.back() == '\n' || out.back() == '\r' || out.back() == ' '))
        out.pop_back();
    return out;
}

// ─── utun helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Open a utun device.  No root required.
/// @param[out] tunName  Filled with the interface name, e.g. "utun3".
/// @return  File descriptor on success, -1 on failure.
static int openUtun(char tunName[IFNAMSIZ])
{
    int fd = ::socket(PF_SYSTEM, SOCK_DGRAM, SYSPROTO_CONTROL);
    if (fd < 0) { qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] socket(PF_SYSTEM):" << strerror(errno); return -1; }

    struct ctl_info info {};
    ::strlcpy(info.ctl_name, UTUN_CONTROL_NAME, sizeof(info.ctl_name));
    if (::ioctl(fd, CTLIOCGINFO, &info) < 0) {
        qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] ioctl(CTLIOCGINFO):" << strerror(errno);
        ::close(fd); return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_ctl addr {};
    addr.sc_len     = sizeof(addr);
    addr.sc_family  = AF_SYSTEM;
    addr.ss_sysaddr = AF_SYS_CONTROL;
    addr.sc_id      = info.ctl_id;
    addr.sc_unit    = 0; // 0 = kernel assigns next available unit

    if (::connect(fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
        qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] connect(utun):" << strerror(errno);
        ::close(fd); return -1;
    }

    socklen_t namelen = IFNAMSIZ;
    if (::getsockopt(fd, SYSPROTO_CONTROL, UTUN_OPT_IFNAME, tunName, &namelen) < 0)
        ::snprintf(tunName, IFNAMSIZ, "utun?");

    return fd;
}

// ─── Routing ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Configure IP address, MTU, and routes on the utun interface.
/// Requires one macOS administrator auth dialog.
static bool configureInterface(MacTunnelPriv *p, const WireGuardConfig &cfg, QString &errOut)
{
    const std::string tun      = p->tunName;
    const std::string localIP  = cfg.localIP().toStdString();
    const std::string epHost   = cfg.endpointHost().toStdString();

    // Discover current default gateway before we touch routing.
    p->savedGateway = runAsUser(
        "route -n get default 2>/dev/null | awk '/gateway:/ { print $2; exit }'");

    // Build a single multi-command script to minimise auth prompts.
    std::string script;

    // 1. Assign IP (point-to-point to itself is the canonical utun style)
    script += "ifconfig " + tun + " " + localIP + " " + localIP + " up";
    script += " && ifconfig " + tun + " mtu " + std::to_string(kMTU);

    // 2. If endpoint resolves to a real IP, pin it to the original gateway so
    //    the encrypted packets can still reach the server after we add routes.
    if (!epHost.empty() && !p->savedGateway.empty()) {
        script += " && route add -host " + epHost + " " + p->savedGateway;
    }

    // 3. Add routes for each AllowedIPs entry via the utun interface.
    for (const QString &cidr : cfg.allowedIPs) {
        const std::string net = cidr.trimmed().toStdString();
        if (net == "0.0.0.0/0") {
            // Two /1 routes override the default without replacing it.
            script += " && route add -net 0.0.0.0/1 -interface " + tun;
            script += " && route add -net 128.0.0.0/1 -interface " + tun;
        } else {
            script += " && route add -net " + net + " -interface " + tun;
        }
    }

    return runAsAdmin(script, errOut);
}

/// Remove routes added in configureInterface.  Best-effort; never fatal.
static void teardownRoutes(MacTunnelPriv *p)
{
    const std::string epHost = p->cfg.endpointHost().toStdString();
    QString ignored;

    std::string script;
    bool first = true;
    auto append = [&](const std::string &cmd) {
        if (!first) script += " ; ";
        script += cmd;
        first = false;
    };

    if (!epHost.empty())
        append("route delete -host " + epHost);

    for (const QString &cidr : p->cfg.allowedIPs) {
        const std::string net = cidr.trimmed().toStdString();
        if (net == "0.0.0.0/0") {
            append("route delete -net 0.0.0.0/1");
            append("route delete -net 128.0.0.0/1");
        } else {
            append("route delete -net " + net);
        }
    }

    if (!script.empty())
        runAsAdmin(script, ignored);
}

// ─── I/O threads ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// TUN → UDP: read plaintext IP packets from utun, encrypt with boringtun,
/// send encrypted datagrams to the WireGuard server.
static void tunToUdpThread(MacTunnelPriv *p)
{
    std::vector<uint8_t> plain(kBufSize + 4);     // +4 for AF header
    std::vector<uint8_t> enc  (kBufSize + 32);    // +32 for WG overhead

    while (p->running) {
        // Wait for data on tunFd or the wake pipe using select().
        fd_set rfds;
        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
        FD_SET(p->tunFd,     &rfds);
        FD_SET(p->wakePipeR, &rfds);
        int maxFd = std::max(p->tunFd, p->wakePipeR) + 1;

        if (::select(maxFd, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) < 0) break;
        if (!p->running || FD_ISSET(p->wakePipeR, &rfds)) break;

        ssize_t n = ::read(p->tunFd, plain.data(), plain.size());
        if (n <= 4) continue; // error or empty AF header

        // Strip the 4-byte AF header; the rest is a raw IP packet.
        const uint8_t *ipPkt  = plain.data() + 4;
        const uint32_t ipLen  = static_cast<uint32_t>(n - 4);

        wireguard_result res = wireguard_write(
            p->wg, ipPkt, ipLen,
            enc.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(enc.size()));

        if (res.op == WRITE_TO_NETWORK && res.size > 0)
            ::send(p->udpFd, enc.data(), res.size, 0);
        else if (res.op == WIREGUARD_ERROR)
            qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] wireguard_write error";
    }
}

/// UDP → TUN: receive encrypted datagrams from the WireGuard server,
/// decrypt with boringtun, write plaintext IP packets to utun.
static void udpToTunThread(MacTunnelPriv *p)
{
    std::vector<uint8_t> enc  (kBufSize + 32);
    std::vector<uint8_t> plain(kBufSize);

    while (p->running) {
        fd_set rfds;
        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
        FD_SET(p->udpFd,     &rfds);
        FD_SET(p->wakePipeR, &rfds);
        int maxFd = std::max(p->udpFd, p->wakePipeR) + 1;

        if (::select(maxFd, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) < 0) break;
        if (!p->running || FD_ISSET(p->wakePipeR, &rfds)) break;

        ssize_t n = ::recv(p->udpFd, enc.data(), enc.size(), 0);
        if (n <= 0) continue;

        wireguard_result res = wireguard_read(
            p->wg, enc.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(n),
            plain.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(plain.size()));

        if (res.op == WRITE_TO_TUNNEL_IPV4 || res.op == WRITE_TO_TUNNEL_IPV6) {
            // Prepend 4-byte AF header (host byte order on macOS).
            const uint32_t af = (res.op == WRITE_TO_TUNNEL_IPV4)
                                 ? kAF_INET_HOST : kAF_INET6_HOST;
            struct iovec iov[2];
            iov[0].iov_base = const_cast<uint32_t *>(&af);
            iov[0].iov_len  = 4;
            iov[1].iov_base = plain.data();
            iov[1].iov_len  = res.size;
            ::writev(p->tunFd, iov, 2);

        } else if (res.op == WRITE_TO_NETWORK && res.size > 0) {
            // boringtun needs to send a handshake response or keepalive ACK.
            ::send(p->udpFd, plain.data(), res.size, 0);

        } else if (res.op == WIREGUARD_ERROR) {
            qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] wireguard_read error";
        }
    }
}

/// Ticker: drives boringtun's internal timer (keepalives, handshake retries).
/// Call every 100 ms.
static void tickerThread(MacTunnelPriv *p)
{
    std::vector<uint8_t> buf(kBufSize + 32);

    while (p->running) {
        // Sleep 100 ms with early-exit via wake pipe.
        fd_set rfds;
        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
        FD_SET(p->wakePipeR, &rfds);
        struct timeval tv { 0, 100000 }; // 100 ms
        ::select(p->wakePipeR + 1, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
        if (!p->running) break;

        wireguard_result res = wireguard_tick(
            p->wg, buf.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(buf.size()));

        if (res.op == WRITE_TO_NETWORK && res.size > 0)
            ::send(p->udpFd, buf.data(), res.size, 0);
    }
}

// ─── TunnelManager platform implementation ────────────────────────────────────

TunnelManager::TunnelManager(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) {}

TunnelManager::~TunnelManager() { stop(); }

bool TunnelManager::start(const WireGuardConfig &cfg)
{
    if (!cfg.isValid()) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("Invalid WireGuard configuration");
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }

    if (m_running) stop();

    return platformStart(cfg);
}

void TunnelManager::stop()
{
    if (!m_running) return;
    m_running = false;
    platformStop();
    m_localAddr.clear();
    emit disconnected();
}

bool TunnelManager::platformStart(const WireGuardConfig &cfg)
{
    auto *p = new MacTunnelPriv;
    m_priv  = p;
    p->cfg  = cfg;

    // ── 1. Create boringtun instance ─────────────────────────────────────
    p->wg = new_tunnel(
        cfg.privateKey.toUtf8().constData(),
        cfg.peerPublicKey.toUtf8().constData(),
        cfg.presharedKey.isEmpty() ? nullptr : cfg.presharedKey.toUtf8().constData(),
        cfg.persistentKeepalive,
        /*index=*/0);

    if (!p->wg) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("boringtun: failed to create tunnel (bad key material?)");
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }

    // ── 2. Open utun ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    p->tunFd = openUtun(p->tunName);
    if (p->tunFd < 0) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("Failed to open utun device");
        tunnel_free(p->wg);
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }
    qDebug() << "[DragonVPN] Opened" << p->tunName;

    // ── 3. Create UDP socket → WireGuard server ───────────────────────────
    p->udpFd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
    if (p->udpFd < 0) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("Failed to create UDP socket: ") + strerror(errno);
        ::close(p->tunFd);
        tunnel_free(p->wg);
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in serverAddr {};
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_port   = htons(cfg.endpointPort());
    if (::inet_pton(AF_INET, cfg.endpointHost().toUtf8().constData(),
                    &serverAddr.sin_addr) != 1) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("Invalid endpoint host: ") + cfg.endpointHost();
        ::close(p->udpFd); ::close(p->tunFd);
        tunnel_free(p->wg);
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }

    if (::connect(p->udpFd,
                  reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&serverAddr),
                  sizeof(serverAddr)) < 0) {
        m_error = QString("Failed to connect UDP socket to %1:%2 — %3")
                      .arg(cfg.endpointHost())
                      .arg(cfg.endpointPort())
                      .arg(strerror(errno));
        ::close(p->udpFd); ::close(p->tunFd);
        tunnel_free(p->wg);
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }

    // ── 4. Self-pipe for clean thread shutdown ────────────────────────────
    int pipeFds[2];
    if (::pipe(pipeFds) < 0) {
        m_error = QStringLiteral("Failed to create wake pipe");
        ::close(p->udpFd); ::close(p->tunFd);
        tunnel_free(p->wg);
        delete p; m_priv = nullptr;
        emit tunnelError(m_error);
        return false;
    }
    p->wakePipeR = pipeFds[0];
    p->wakePipeW = pipeFds[1];

    // ── 5. Configure routing (triggers macOS auth dialog once) ────────────
    QString routeErr;
    if (!configureInterface(p, cfg, routeErr)) {
        qWarning() << "[DragonVPN] Route setup failed (non-fatal):" << routeErr;
        // Non-fatal: the tunnel will still encrypt/decrypt; only routing is absent.
        // The user can manually add routes or the dialog may have been dismissed.
    }

    m_localAddr = cfg.localIP();

    // ── 6. Start I/O threads ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    p->running      = true;
    m_running       = true;
    p->thdTunToUdp  = std::thread(tunToUdpThread, p);
    p->thdUdpToTun  = std::thread(udpToTunThread, p);
    p->thdTicker    = std::thread(tickerThread,    p);

    // ── 7. Initiate first handshake ───────────────────────────────────────
    {
        std::vector<uint8_t> hsBuf(kBufSize + 32);
        wireguard_result res = wireguard_force_handshake(
            p->wg, hsBuf.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(hsBuf.size()));
        if (res.op == WRITE_TO_NETWORK && res.size > 0)
            ::send(p->udpFd, hsBuf.data(), res.size, 0);
    }

    // Emit connected() after a short delay — in production, wire this to a
    // "first packet received" callback from udpToTunThread instead.
    QTimer::singleShot(800, this, [this]() {
        if (m_running) emit connected();
    });

    qDebug() << "[DragonVPN] Tunnel up, local IP" << m_localAddr;
    return true;
}

void TunnelManager::platformStop()
{
    auto *p = static_cast<MacTunnelPriv *>(m_priv);
    if (!p) return;

    p->running = false;

    // Unblock all select() calls by closing the write end of the wake pipe.
    if (p->wakePipeW >= 0) { ::close(p->wakePipeW); p->wakePipeW = -1; }

    // Give threads a moment, then hard-close fds to unblock any lingering I/O.
    if (p->thdTunToUdp.joinable()) p->thdTunToUdp.join();
    if (p->thdUdpToTun.joinable()) p->thdUdpToTun.join();
    if (p->thdTicker.joinable())   p->thdTicker.join();

    // Tear down routing before closing the interface.
    teardownRoutes(p);

    if (p->wakePipeR >= 0) { ::close(p->wakePipeR); p->wakePipeR = -1; }
    if (p->udpFd     >= 0) { ::close(p->udpFd);     p->udpFd     = -1; }
    if (p->tunFd     >= 0) { ::close(p->tunFd);      p->tunFd     = -1; }

    if (p->wg) { tunnel_free(p->wg); p->wg = nullptr; }

    delete p;
    m_priv = nullptr;
    qDebug() << "[DragonVPN] Tunnel stopped";
}